Uvod u statistiku-drugi deo
Published on 08/23,2010
Izucavanje metoda za donošenja zakljucaka na osnovu podataka, pocinje radom Francis Galton-a (Fransisa Galtona, 1822-1911) i Karl Pearson-a (Karla Pirsona, 1857-1936) krajem devetnaestog veka. Ovaj rani period obeležila je promena stava o statistici, shvatanjem njene važnosti od strane naucnog sveta. Kao dodatak tome, napravljeni su mnogi pomaci statistickoj tehnici. Medu tehnickim dostignucima koje su uveli Galton, Pirson i njihovi sledbenici su: standardna devijacija, koeficijent korelacije i hi-kvadratni test.
Godine 1900. naucnici Karl Pearson i George Udny Yule predstavljaju prve najjednostavnije modele analize kategorijalnih podataka. Pre toga vecina radova fokusirala se samo na opisne aspekte relativno jednostavnih mera. Pearson-ov pristup pretpostavljao je da kontinualne raspodele dve promenljive leže u dvosmernim tabelama kontigencije. Godine 1904. Pearson je uveo termin kontigencija, kao meru totalnog odstupanja klasifikacije od nezavisne verovatnoce i uveo mere koje je opisuju.
George Udny Yule, Pearsonov savremenik, upotrebio je drugaciji pristup. Završivši rad na razvoju multiplih matematickih modela regresije, multiplih i parcijalnih koeficijenata korelacije, posvetio se proucavanju veza u tabelama kontigencije. Smatrao je da mnoge kategorijalne promenljive (npr. vakcinisani, nevakcinisani) su nerazdvojno diskretne. Yule je 1903. godine ukazao na mogucu protivrecnost marginalnih i uslovnih povezanosti u tabelama kontigencije, što je 1951. godine proucavao E.H.Simpson, poznato danas kao Simpsonov paradoks.
Pearson nije prihvatao Yulove ideje i isticao da su Yulovi koeficijenti neodgovarajuci.
Godine 1900. naucnici Karl Pearson i George Udny Yule predstavljaju prve najjednostavnije modele analize kategorijalnih podataka. Pre toga vecina radova fokusirala se samo na opisne aspekte relativno jednostavnih mera. Pearson-ov pristup pretpostavljao je da kontinualne raspodele dve promenljive leže u dvosmernim tabelama kontigencije. Godine 1904. Pearson je uveo termin kontigencija, kao meru totalnog odstupanja klasifikacije od nezavisne verovatnoce i uveo mere koje je opisuju.
George Udny Yule, Pearsonov savremenik, upotrebio je drugaciji pristup. Završivši rad na razvoju multiplih matematickih modela regresije, multiplih i parcijalnih koeficijenata korelacije, posvetio se proucavanju veza u tabelama kontigencije. Smatrao je da mnoge kategorijalne promenljive (npr. vakcinisani, nevakcinisani) su nerazdvojno diskretne. Yule je 1903. godine ukazao na mogucu protivrecnost marginalnih i uslovnih povezanosti u tabelama kontigencije, što je 1951. godine proucavao E.H.Simpson, poznato danas kao Simpsonov paradoks.
Pearson nije prihvatao Yulove ideje i isticao da su Yulovi koeficijenti neodgovarajuci.
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